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100			_aMANGER Gideon _eauthor
245			_aUnravelling effectiveness in intelligence: _ba systematic review / _cGideon Manger
260			_c2024
520			_aEffectiveness is a term often used in intelligence studies. However, what effectiveness means in relation to intelligence remains elusive and intelligence effectiveness is studied from a wide variety of viewpoints. This paper aims to understand the concepts of effectiveness of intelligence and seeks to gain greater insight into what drives effectiveness. Reviewing 176 studies from 12 journals this paper identifies four paradigms of intelligence effectiveness – utility, intelligence failure, precision, and rigor- and describes distinct perspectives within each paradigm, the constructs used to determine effectiveness, and their antecedents. Analysis of the results shows that the paradigms of intelligence effectiveness are interrelated. In addition, paradigms and their constructs can be sequenced, revealing gaps in our knowledge, and providing an agenda for further research.
650			_aINTELLIGENCE _xEFFECTIVENESS
773			_gIntelligence and National Security, Volume 39, Number 7, December 2024, pages: 1136-1157
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2024.2370132 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
999			_c48127 _d48127