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100			_aCUNLIFFE Kyle S. _eauthor
245			_aCyber-enabled tradecraft and contemporary espionage: _bassessing the implications of the tradecraft paradox on agent recruitment in Russia and China / _cKyle S. Cunliffe
260			_c2023
520			_aThe acquisition of clandestine human sources – or agents – inside Russia and China likely remains the key priority for Western HUMINT agencies, and yet their ability to do this safely is quickly waning. This paper considers the utility of cyberspace for espionage recruitment in these two hard target states, and assesses its value as a potential solution to emerging surveillance threats. With the aid of history, this paper proposes that hard target espionage is fundamentally afflicted by a tradecraft paradox, one that will severely curtail the utility of cyberspace to agent recruitment.
650			_aCYBERSPACE
650			_aESPIONAGE _xHUMAN INTELLIGENCE
773			_gIntelligence and National Security, Volume 38, Number 7, December 2023, pages: 1075-1094
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2023.2216035 _zClick here for full text
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