000			01968nam a22002057a 4500
001			48096
003			OSt
005			20250528151124.0
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100			_aNGUYEN Le Bao Ngoc _eauthor
245			_aLabour-use efficiency in ASEAN countries / _cLe Bao Ngoc Nguyen, Poomthan Rangkakulnuwat and Ahmad Shabir Faizi
260			_c2025
520			_aThis paper investigates labour-use efficiency across the six largest Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economies—Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines—from 1990 to 2018. The study employs a flexible translog functional form to specify labour demand, defined as a function of output, average wage, capital stock, country-specific variables and time effects. We generalize the model by incorporating a variance function which accommodates marginal effects. The parameters of the demand and variance functions are estimated through a multi-step procedure using generalized least squares and a nonlinear method, respectively. The empirical results show that the average labour-use efficiency among ASEAN countries is about 96.2 per cent, implying that the six ASEAN countries are very efficient in labour use relative to the country with the best labour-use practice in our sample, Singapore. In comparison with Singapore (100 per cent efficient), the labour-use efficiency of Malaysia is 98.3, Vietnam is 96.6, the Philippines is 96.5, Thailand is 94.4, and Indonesia is 91.5 per cent. The two-sample t-test results show that the labour-use efficiency significantly differs between countries.
650			_aASEAN _xLABOUR _xEFFICIENCY
700			_aRANGKAKULNUWAT Poomthan _eauthor
700			_aAHMAD SHABIR Faizi _eauthor
773			_gJournal Of Southeast Asian Economies: Volume 42, Number 1, April 2025, pages: 93-116
856			_uhttps://muse.jhu.edu/pub/70/article/958225 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
999			_c48096 _d48096