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100			_aNGUYEN Phuong Ly _eauthor
245			_aDomestic imperative of the Philippines’ South China Sea policy: _bpersonality-driven policymaking and constant shifts between China and the United States / _cPhuong Ly Nguyen and Sow Keat Tok
260			_c2025
520			_aThis article aims to explain the oscillations of the Philippines’ South China Sea policy vis-à-vis China between accommodation and confrontation from 1991 to 2022. It argues that the Philippines’ personality-driven foreign policymaking was conducive to dramatic shifts in position on the South China Sea issue. The presidential system of government and patronage politics in the Philippines give the presidential inner circles considerable leeway to shape and reshape the country’s foreign policy. Despite being constrained by domestic socio-political conditions at a given time as well as the political and security thinking embedded in its domestic politics, individual Philippine presidents and/or the presidential circles managed the South China Sea issue vis-à-vis China and the United States in particular ways according to their different sets of personal beliefs, professional expertise, and practical experience. This explains why the power transitions in the Philippines often caused major shifts in its management of the South China Sea disputes over time.
650			_aSOUTH CHINA SEA
650			_aCHINA
650			_aTHE PHILIPPINES
650			_aUNITED STATES
700			_aKEAT TOK Sow _eauthor
773			_gThe Pacific Review, Volume 38, Number 1, January 2025, pages: 29-59
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09512748.2024.2321268 _zClick here for full text
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