000			01502nam a22002057a 4500
001			47979
003			OSt
005			20250519143325.0
008			250519b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aKARAGIANNIS Emmanuel _eauthor
245			_aMass-casualty terrorism and strategic surprise in Mumbai and Paris: _bunderstanding the Islamist perspective / _cEmmanuel Karagiannis
260			_c2024
520			_aThe Mumbai and Paris attacks are representative cases of mass-casualty terrorism due to the number of casualties and the level of devastation they caused. This type of terrorism has often been the result of strategic surprise resuting from intelligence failure. In both India and France, security agencies were taken by surprise and failed to respond promptly. Although the concept of strategic surprise has been largely explored by Western scholars, there is an Islamist perspective that has not received any attention. The article claims that strategic surprise can be understood as a cultural particular leading to mass-casualty terrorism. Finally, it examines the implications for intelligence and deterrence which need to adapt accordingly.
650			_aTERRORISM
650			_aISIS
650			_aRELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE
773			_gThe Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, Volume 19, Issue 4, September 2024, pages: 484-500
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2023.2296579 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
999			_c47979 _d47979