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100			_aJONSSON Michael
245			_aEspionage by Europeans: _btreason and counterintelligence in post-Cold War Europe/ _cMichael Jonsson
260			_c2024
520			_aAs War rages in Ukraine, counterintelligence has again taken centre stage for European intelligence agencies. In spite of the long-ascendant espionage threat, to date little is known about who is recruited, what motivated them and how they were caught. This article presents an analysis of espionage against European NATO and/or EU members, based on court convictions in 2010–2021. This provides a first overview of contemporary espionage in Europe, and complements previous research, which is dominated by single-case studies, mainly of Anglo-Saxon cases. Replicating large-N studies of American espionage, the study identifies transatlantic commonalities, including perpetrators being overwhelmingly male, middle-aged, and a mainly working outside of defence or intelligence agencies.
650			_aESPIONAGE _xEUROPE _xEU _xNATO
773			_gIntelligence and National Security, Volume 39, Number 1, January 2024, page: 77-92
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2023.2254020 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
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