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100			_aCOSTANTINI Irene
245			_aTwenty years of externally promoted security assistance in Iraq: _bchanging approaches and their limits/ _cIrene Costantini and Dylan O'Driscoll
260			_c2023
520			_aIraq adds to the poor track record of externally promoted security assistance in conflict-affected and fragile contexts. By taking a long-term perspective, this article examines and problematizes the shift in paradigms from Security Sector Reforms (SSR) as a pillar of the liberal statebuilding intervention in Iraq to Security Force Assistance (SFA) as the remedy that the post-interventionist turn endorsed since the 2010s. In discussing this shift, the article also shows that in successive phases of externally promoted security assistance, different notions of security prevailed. As the intervention unfolded, human security instead of guiding SSR was quickly put to the side, as donors’ security (2003–2008) and later regime’s security (2009–mid 2014) prevailed. The late 2014–2019 prevalence of SFA in Iraq was instead characterized by the disjuncture of security assistance from other governance aspects in the country while it later became part of a tense geopolitical context (2020–2023). Overall, Iraq proves to be a laboratory for testing out concepts relating to security whereby external actors and factors are key to explaining the shift in security assistance, while internal local needs for security are largely ignored.
598			_aSECURITY ASSISTANCE, IRAQ, NEW ARTICLS
650			_aSECURITY ASSISTANCE _xIRAQ
700			_aO'DRISCOLL Dylan
773			_gInternational Peacekeeping, Volume 30, Number 5, November 2023, page: 562-584
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13533312.2022.2149501 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
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