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100			_aWOLFENDALE Jessica
245			_aToxic warrior identity, accountability and moral risk/ _cJessica Wolfendale and Stoney Portis
260			_c2021
520			_aAcademics working on military ethics and serving military personnel rarely have opportunities to talk to each other in ways that can illuminate their respective experiences and approaches to the ethics of war. This article draws on the experiences of First Lieutenant (1LT) Portis’s experiences in combat to provide a unique examination of questions about the relationship between oversight, accountability, and the idea of moral risk in military operations. In this article, we outline a particular experience of 1LT Portis’s that formed the basis of our discussions, before elucidating the ethical issues this experience raised. In particular, we see 1LT Portis’s experience as, first, illustrative of the problem of moral risk, when military personnel are placed in situations of moral temptation. The problem of moral risk, we propose, is best understood through the framework of the military’s duty of care. Second, we see his experience as highlighting tensions within the dominant moralized warrior model of the military profession. What we call a toxic warrior identity can negatively affect the attitudes of military personnel toward rules, policies, procedures, and accountability mechanisms. In conclusion, we address the need to balance concerns about toxic warrior identity with legitimate criticisms of an overly demanding bureaucracy.
598			_aWARRIOR IDENTITY, PROFESSIONALISM, MORAL INJURY, NEWARTICLS
650			_aWARRIOR IDENTITY _xPROFESSIONALISM _xACCOUNTABILITY _xMORAL INJURY
700			_aPORTIS Stoney
773			_gJournal of Military Ethics, Volume 20, Issue 3-4, 2021, page: 163-179
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15027570.2021.2015059 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
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