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100			_aBillon Philippe Le
245			_aOil and the Islamic State: _brevisiting "resource wars" arguments in light of ISIS operations and state-making attempts/ _cPhilippe Le Billon
260			_c2023
520			_aDebates over the relationship between natural resources and armed conflicts have flourished in the past two decades, but few studies have considered the case of oil and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. This paper reviews key scholarly arguments concerning the relationship between natural resources and armed groups, and examines the interrelationship between oil, armed conflict and ISIS. Building on this analysis, the paper offers insights into dilemmas of oil dependence for non-state armed groups controlling proto-states: specifically, while oil enabled ISIS to consolidate its attempts at establishing a de facto state, it also created vulnerabilities. Among these, U.S.-led forces deliberately targeted oil to deny ISIS’ attempts to achieve statehood, and to politically confine its status to that of a terrorist organization ruling over an oil rich and dangerous proto-state targeted for military and political eradication. These findings point to the value of nuanced analyses of relations between resource wars arguments and terrorism studies, as well as the need to more broadly consider the various political dimensions of natural resources in the study of armed conflicts and campaigns against terrorist organizations.
650			_aISIS
773			_gStudies In conflict & terrorism, Vol 46, Number 7 (July), Number 8 (August), Number 9 (September) 2023, page: 1417-1439
856			_uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1846252 _zClick here for full text
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _n0
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