000			02015cam a2200157 4500
100	1		_aBARNES Jamal
700			_aMAKINDA Samuel M
245			_aA threat to cosmopolitan duties? How COVID-19 has been used as a tool to undermine refugee rights/ _cJamal Barnes and Samuel M Makinda
260			_c2021
520			_aThe outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 provided cover for some states to take strict and hostile measures against refugees and asylum seekers, thereby privileging self-regarding over other-regarding or cosmopolitan-oriented policies. The hostile measures, which have included detentions, pushbacks and other refugee deterrence actions not only appeared to shake the refugee system, but they increased the vulnerability of asylum seekers and refugees who continued to be exposed to torture, drownings at sea, trafficking and sexual violence. This development, which included a fine-tuning of some measures that had been hatched before the emergence of COVID-19, appeared to set back efforts to nurture the bonds of global human solidarity and expand moral and ethical boundaries beyond state borders. However, the international refugee regime continues and is supported by many states and other international actors that seek to emphasise cosmopolitan and other-regarding policies. The resilience of the refugee system underlines the fact that international society has a practical and moral basis to challenge exclusionist policies towards asylum seekers and refugees, prevent future harm that might result from asylum deterrence policies and develop more humane forms of international refugee governance.
650			_aINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY _xGLOBAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT _xINTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE, LAW, AND ETHICS _xCOVID-19
773			_aInternational Affairs: _gNovember 2021, Vol.97, No.6, pp.1671-1689 (32)
598			_aCOVID-19, REFUGEE, HUMANRIGHT, RESILIENCE
856			_uhttps://academic.oup.com/ia/article/97/6/1671/6374896 _zClick here for full text
945			_i66847.1001 _rY _sY
999			_c40966 _d40966