000			01299cam a2200121 4500
100	1		_aWIDEN J J
245			_aNaval diplomacy - a theoretical approach/ _cJ. J. Widen
260			_c2011
520			_aThis article looks at the theoretical aspects of the non-belligerent and political use of naval forces, commonly described as naval diplomacy. Firstly, it criticises the often used term "gunboat diplomacy" for being too narrow, emotionally charged, and burdened by colonialism. Secondly, the theories on naval diplomacy are criticised for being better suited for doctrinal purposes than for analytical purposes. Thirdly, criticism is levelled against the term "naval presence", which is deemed insufficient as a focal point in a theory of naval diplomacy. Fourthly, elements of a workable theory of naval diplomacy are presented, including the political aim, naval means, diplomatic method, and geopolitical context. In conclusion, warships and navies are described as symbols of national sovereignty and power, and for having, not only a defence value, but also a symbolic, supportive, and coercive value.
773			_aDiplomacy & Statecraft: _gVol.22 No.4 December 2011, pp.715-733 (115)
856			_uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592296.2011.625830
945			_i36859-1001 _rY _sY
999			_c21809 _d21809