The communist New People's Army (N.P.A) is responsible for the Philippines longest running insurgency. Officials in Manila acknowledge that the N.P.A 's resilience is largely rooted in the country's decades-long inability to improve their lives of the underprivileged. 40% of Filipinos live on less than $2 a day, while 87 million population seeks work abroad. Government opponents who now fear for their lives are being encouraged to take the great leap to join N.P.A