Provides historical background to the southern states of Thailand and the variety of factors that have led to the insurgency characterised by increasingly violent terrorist attacks. Some privately run Islamic education centres are suspected of being involved in promoting extremist views. The book notes there is a risk that the insurgency may be internationalised, drawing in finance and support from terrorist groups such as KMM and JI as well as individuals from SE Asia and the Middle East. Concludes with recommendations to authorities on countering the threats. Appendices take up more than a third of the book and include: an English translation of Berjihad di Pattani (The fight for the liberation of Pattani); extracts from various web-sites supporting Thai Muslims; and details of the main insurgent groups in southern Thailand.