Upwards earning mobility in Hong Kong: policy implications based on a census data narrative/
Minhui Liu, Lok Sang Ho and Kai Wai Huang
- 2023
Using census data spanning several decades, this paper offers a new and intuitive approach to understanding earnings mobility. We use "mobility ratios" and "immobility ratios" as indicators of the speed of upward mobility at the top end (i.e. moving into the ranks of the well-off) and the bottom end of the income distribution (i.e. moving out of poverty) as each cohort ages.