CUNLIFFE Kyle S. <br/><br/>
Hard target espionage in the information era:  new challenges for the second oldest profession/ 
Kyle S. Cunliffe 
 -  2021 
<br/><br/> This paper assesses the degree of street surveillance in contemporary Russia and China - including the impact of biometrics and online data history on the defensibility of cover and the severity of advanced CCTV networks - and the solutions intelligence agencies might adopt to address these problems. Despite the possibilities cyberspace offers espionage - for instance, by reducing the need for face to face meetings between intelligence officers and agents - the paper establishes the limitations of technological answers and argues that Western intelligence officers are entering a new era of Moscow and Beijing Rules in which they are more essential than ever and yet need to operate with absolute caution. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>CHINA--RUSSIA--USA--COLD WAR--SOVIET UNION--SECURITY--INTELLIGENCE