TY - BOOK AU - AYDIN Aysegul TI - Enforcing openness: trade protectionism and intervention in civil wars PY - 2021/// KW - OPPORTUNITY COSTS KW - WAR KW - TRADE BARRIERS KW - TARIFF RATES KW - CIVIL WAR INTERVENTION N2 - Governments may resort to a wide range of economic policies to generate revenue and compensate certain sectors in civil wars. Such measures block market access and hurt the interests of third-party countries operating in this market, giving the latter an incentive to shape the course of events in the conflict. To empirically demonstrate this argument, I look at changes in tariff rates adopted by civil war governments to restrict international trade during conflict. I find strong empirical evidence that external actors consider economic interventions on behalf of the government to meet the demand for revenue and for a return to more liberal policies UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13698249.2021.1949813 ER -