KAPLAN Jeffrey <br/><br/>
On tribalism :  auxiliaries, affiliates, and lone wolf political violence  / 
Jeffrery Kaplan and Christopher P Costa. 
 -  2014 
<br/><br/> Tribes and tribal allegiances have been made use of since at least Alexander the Great's  time and have a long history in conflicts in in what is now the Middle East. This article is concerned with the "lone wolf" individual and with autonomous cells neither of which relate to any centralised direction. Starts with an historical overview, goes on to modern tribalism with particular emphasis on Iraq and Afghanistan and then looks at how the U.S. has responded and should respond. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>TRIBES--TERRORISM<br/>JIHADISTS<br/>TRIBAL WARFARE