TY - BOOK AU - BIRTLE Andrew J TI - Persuasion and coercion in counterinsurgency warfare PY - 2008/// KW - COUNTERINSURGENCY KW - PHILIPPINES WAR 1899 KW - VIETNAM WAR KW - AMERICAN CIVIL WAR N2 - Discusses the relationship between force and persuasion in dealing successfully with rebellions and internal conflicts. The article is based on American experiences in the U.S. Civil War, the Philippine War, and the Vietnam War. Notes that there is no single formula that will apply to all insurgencies - each is a complex and changing mix of social, political, cultural and military factors. Also argues that the application of force is a necessary if unpalatable element of counterinsurgency ER -