The strategic-level effects of long-range strike weapons: a framework for analysis / Fabian R. Hoffmann

Can long-range strike weapons (LRS) create strategic-level effects? Despite extensive debate about the impact of LRS on contemporary warfare, the question of how such weapons can create strategic-level effects has received limited attention. I identify four strategic functions LRS can fulfil to create strategic-level effects: (1) counter-population, (2) strategic interdiction, (3) counter-leadership, and (4) counterforce. By fulfilling these functions, LRS can undermine the will and/or capacity of the adversary to resist at the strategic level of warfare, independent of warfighting efforts located at the tactical and operational levels. I apply these arguments in an analysis of China’s conventional missile arsenal and doctrine. My analysis suggests that Chinese leaders believe that employing LRS for strategic functions constitutes a potentially effective way of subduing their enemies. The findings have implications for scholars’ and policymakers’ understanding of the role of LRS in international politics and contemporary warfare.